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Spinning Lab Test:

HVI Spectrum . 

HVI :  High Volume Instrument 

 

HVI Spectrum Cotton Testing details:

⦁ Fiber Length

⦁ Length Uniformity Index

⦁ Fiber Strength

⦁ Micronaire

⦁ Color Grade

HVI Spectrum Operates :

USET® HVI test results

The results of the HVI test are described in this section. Data limits are provided, which are intended to provide users with information on test results.

 Below is a list of different test results that can be obtained with USTER® HVI. It also shows the type of format used (the number of decimals displayed) and the abbreviations used in the printout.

Test result	Format	Abbreviation
Spinning Consistency Index	XXXX	SCI
Micronaire	X.XX	Mic
Maturity Index	X.XX	Mat
Upper Half Mean Length	(in) X.XXX (mm) XX.XX	Len
Uniformity Index	XX.X	Unf
Short Fiber Index	XX.X	SFI
Strength	XX.X	Str
Elongation	XX.X	Elg
Moisture	XX.X	Moist
Reflectance	XX.X	Rd
Yellowness	XX.X	+b
Color Grade	XX-X	C Grade
Trash Count	XXX	Tr Cnt
Trash Area	XX.XX	Tr Area
Trash Grade	XX	Tr Grade
Fluorescence	XXXXX	UV
Neps	XXXX	Nep

•       Spinning Consistency Index (SCI)

Spinning Consistency Index is a calculation to predict the spinnability of fibers. Multiple regression equations can provide valuable information for estimating yarn strength and spinning capacity.

The regression equation uses the individual results of most HVI measurements to calculate the SCI.

This index cotton can be used to simplify the category system used in the warehouse. In general, the higher the index, the higher the strength of the yarn and the better the fiber span.

Spinning Consistency Index (SCI) =

- 414.67 + 2.9 x Str - 9.32 x Mic + 49.17 x Length (“) + 4.74 x Uniform + 0.65 x RD + 0.36 x + B

      Micronaire (Mic)

A fiber sample of stable weight is measured by passing air through the fibers and measuring the pressure drop. The micron scale is experimentally set with a standard set of cotton and is not linear. Other factors, such as beauty and maturity, affect the results of micronutrients.

Micronaire	Description
Less than 3.0	Very fine
3.0 to 3.6	Fine
3.7 to 4.7	Medium
4.8 to 5.4	Coarse
5.5 and higher	Very coarse

      Maturity Index (Mat)

The maturity index is a relative value that is calculated by sophisticated algorithms, including other measurements such as micronutrients, strength and length. This indicates the degree of cell wall thickness in the cotton sample. The HVI maturity index is much better than AFIS maturity ratio and microscopy reference method (proportional section analysis).

 

Maturity Index	Description
Below 0.75	Uncommon
0.75 to 0.85	Immature
0.86 to 0.95	Mature
Above 0.95	Very mature

      Upper Half Mean Length (Len)

The weight of the upper half Mean Length measurement from the fIbrogram. Fiber beards of randomly clamped fibers are scanned optically along their lengths and a fibrogram is obtained. The length of the upper half is equal to the base length of the classer as well as the length of the AFIS upper quartile by weight. Please note that the length limit is set in inches for each key section or code of each length. The calculated limits in millimeters do not match the conversion rate at all. However 32  are mainly used for the determination of the basic length in the international trade of cotton, and therefore they are binding.

Therefore, when measuring the length of the fibers, a special non-end-attached staple diagram called a fibrogram can be calculated.

Inches		UHML [inches]			UHM	L	[mm]	Code (32nds)
<13/16		<0.79			<20.1			24
13/16		0.80	-	0.85	20.1	-	21.6	26
7/8		0.86	-	0.89	21.8	-	22.6	28
29/32		0.90	-	0.92	22.9	-	23.4	29
15/16		0.93	-	0.95	23.6	-	24.1	30
31/32		0.96	-	0.98	24.4	-	24.9	31
1		0.99	-	1.01	25.1	-	25.8	32
1	1/32	1.02	-	1.04	25.9	-	26.4	33
1	1/16	1.05	-	1.07	26.7	-	27.2	34
1	3/32	1.08	-	1.10	27.4	-	27.9	35
1	1/8	1.11	-	1.13	28.2	-	28.7	36
1	5/32	1.14	-	1.17	29.0	-	29.7	37
1	3/16	1.18	-	1.20	30.0	-	30.5	38
1	7/32	1.21	-	1.23	30.7	-	31.2	39
1	¼	1.24	-	1.26	31.5	-	32.0	40
1	9/32	1.27		1.29	32.3	-	32.8	41
1	5/16	1.30		1.32	33.0	-	33.5	42
1	11/32	1.33		1.35	33.8	-	34.3	43
1	3/8	>1.36			>34.5			44

shows the staple ranges and conversions of long staple cotton.

 

Inches	UHML [inches]	UHML [mm]	Code (32nds)
Below 1 ¼	<1.20	<30.5	40
1 5/16	1.21 – 1.25	30.7 – 31.8	42
1 3/8	1.26 – 1.31	32.0 – 33.3	44
1 7/16	1.32 – 1.36	33.5 – 34.5	46
1 1/2	1.37 – 1.42	34.8 – 36.1	48
1 9/16	1.43 – 1.47	36.3 – 37.3	50
1 5/8	>1.48	>37.6	52

            Uniformity Index (Unf)

 The Uniformity index represents the ratio of the mean length of the upper half to the length of the index. This is an indication of the length distribution of the fiber within the fibergram.

Uniformity Index UI = Mean Length  ÷  Upper Half Mean Length

 

Uniformity Index	Description
Below 77	Very Low
77 to 80	Low
81 to 84	Medium
85 to 87	High
87 and higher	Very high

 

      Short Fiber Index (SFI)

 A short fiber index is a value that is calculated using a sophisticated algorithm. The fibrogram is mathematically converted to curves of length distribution. The SFI percentage indicates the amount of fiber that is less than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) in length. It attaches very well to AFIS short fiber material in terms of weight (SFC_w).

Short Fiber Index	Description
Below 6	Very Low
6 to 9	Low
10 to 13	Medium
14 to 17	High
18 and higher	Very high

      Strength (Str)

  The power of the bundle is the power to break the cotton fibers in grams per tax. The fineness is calculated in micronaire value. Fiber beards are broken at a constant deformation rate (CRE)

= Constant rate of expansion) and 1/8 inch distance between clamps.

Strength (grams/tex)	Description
Less than 21	Very weak
22 to 24	Weak
25 to 27	Medium
28 to 30	Strong
31 and higher	Very strong

 

      Elongation (Elg)

 Elongation is a measure of the elasticity of the fibers in the bundle. The fibers are tied in a bundle with a distance of 1/8 inch between the clamps. The first pair of clamps are stationary, and the back pair of clamps are pulled at a constant rate. The distance covered by the fibers before they break is recorded and expressed as a percentage increase. For example, if you are measuring 50% of the length, this fiber should be extended 1 inch before breaking. Below is an article explaining the actual values ​​of length in cotton fibers.

 

Elongation	Description
Less than 5.0	Very Low
5.0 to 5.8	Low
5.9 to 6.7	Medium
6.8 to 7.6	High
7.7 and higher	Very high

      Moisture (Moist)

 Moisture is the amount of water (H₂O) that is present in the test sample. Moisture in cotton varies with time, temperature and humidity where the specimens are exposed. At the same level of accuracy and accuracy, constant humidity is essential to maintain HVI test results. Excellent precision and accuracy is achieved with an average sample moisture of 6.5% - 8%.

 

Moisture	Description
Below 4.5	Very Low
4.5 to 6.5	Low
6.5 to 8.0	Medium
8.0 to 10.0	High
10.0 and higher	Very high

 

      Reflectance (Rd)

 This value reflects the whiteness of light reflected in the cotton fibers. This is similar to the reflection (RD) represented in the Nickerson / Hunter color chart. It is used in conjunction with yeast (+ b) to determine the color of cotton.

 

      Yellowness (+b)

 This value represents the solitude of light reflected by the cotton fibers. The solitude of the sample (+ b) is determined by the yellow filter. This is equal to the + b value represented in the Nickerson / Hunter color chart. The yeast is used in conjunction with the yeast reflection (Rd) value to determine the color grade of the  cotton measuring instrument.

 

      Color Grade (C Grade)

The color grade of a cotton sample is determined by the color meter of the two filters. This method was developed by Nickerson and Hunter in the early 1940s to test USDA cotton grade standards. Today, it aims to completely replace the cotton grading grade set by Cotton classer.